Anna Paradowska

Purpose-built WAAM 316L benchmark walls for thermo-mechanical calibration and strain-based hardness prediction

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) of 316L generates complex thermal cycles, distortion and work hardening that are difficult to validate in 3D. Hence, in this paper, we design, build and fully characterise two benchmark walls (two-layer and three-layer) expressly for calibra...