Angeline Stoll Lillard

Development and Validation of the TLOS: A Measure of Child-Centered and Adult-Centered Learning Orientations and Its Revelations About Montessori Versus Conventional Pedagogy

Existing measures of child- versus adult-centered teaching beliefs are couched in the language of conventional teaching methods. Here we describe development and validation of the new Teachers’ Learning Orientation Scale (TLOS), a measure of student- and teacher-oriented beliefs...