Ángela Alonso-Solórzano

Cost–Accuracy Trade-Offs in Unpaved Rural Road Condition Assessment: Visual Indices and Smartphone-Based IRI in the Ecuadorian Andes

More than 90% of the road network of Loja, Ecuador, is unpaved and lacks an official condition metric. Low-cost measures relate to the IRI on pavements, but not demonstrably on unpaved roads. A 15 km Andean corridor was surveyed in one dry season with four visual–manual indices (...