Angel Castillo

Patient- derived gallbladder cancer organoids mirror tumor genetics and resistance phenotypes, enabling ex vivo testing of adjuvant chemotherapy response

Abstract Background Advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, high recurrence rates, and limited treatment options. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have emerged as promising preclinical models that faithfully mimic the epithelial architec...