Andrew C. Karaplis

Indoxyl sulfate–associated vascular calcification is linked to mTORC1 and ER stress–integrated stress response signaling

Medial vascular calcification is a major cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which IS promotes vascular calcification remain incompletely under...