Ana Luísa Almaça da Cruz Fernando

Seawater pH Measurement: A Critical Metrological Assessment of Operational Scales and the Unified pH Scale

Ocean acidification, driven by rising anthropogenic CO2, causes a measurable decrease in seawater pH with consequences for marine ecosystems. Accurate, traceable pH measurement is essential for ocean monitoring sensors. This critical review examines five pH scales: the IUPAC acti...