Amirabbas Salahi

From Residence-Time Distribution and Population-Balance Modeling to Predictive Digital Twins of Industrial Ball Mills: A Comprehensive Critical Review and Evidence-Derived Research Framework

Ball mills remain among the most energy-intensive and operationally complex units in mineral-processing circuits, while many existing monitoring and modeling approaches address only isolated aspects of their behavior. This critical review examines the scientific foundations requi...

From Residence-Time Distribution and Population-Balance Modeling to Predictive Digital Twins of Industrial Ball Mills: A Comprehensive Critical Review and Evidence-Derived Research Framework

Ball mills remain among the most energy-intensive and operationally complex units in mineral-processing circuits, while many existing monitoring and modeling approaches address only isolated aspects of their behavior. This critical review examines the scientific foundations requi...