Alex-George Adam

The Trace-Agency Gap: A One-Sided Identification Frontier for Behavioral Evidence and Reflective Endorsement

Randomization can establish that an external policy changed what people did. It cannot, by itself, establish whether the resulting action was understood, reflectively endorsed, or manipulative. This paper formalizes that separation as the trace-agency gap. Under reference concord...

The Discount Comes Last: An Operator's Guide to Margin-Aware Promotion Routing in Premium Apparel and Footwear E-Commerce

A practitioner working note synthesising causal targeting, inventory economics, promotion design and EU consumer-law guidance into an operating policy for premium apparel and footwear e-commerce. No new empirical results are reported. The note assembles five established results —...

The Discount Comes Last: An Operator's Guide to Margin-Aware Promotion Routing in Premium Apparel and Footwear E-Commerce

A practitioner working note synthesising causal targeting, inventory economics, promotion design and EU consumer-law guidance into an operating policy for premium apparel and footwear e-commerce. No new empirical results are reported. The note assembles five established results —...

The Liar's Dividend Without a Liar: Provenance Doubt as an Ambient Cost to Brands That Did Nothing

Authentic material loses credibility when audiences are made to suspect it. Warnings wrongly applied to true news reduce its credibility (Freeze et al., 2021). Deepfake labels attached to genuine political video depress perceived credibility for days (Hameleers & Marquart, 2023)....