Akhila Doddamani

Same hospital, same price, different protection: out-of-pocket expenditure for emergency trauma under public insurance, private insurance and self-payment in India

Background Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) finances 43.4% of total health expenditure in India, and emergency trauma—unforeseeable, unpostponable and costly—is among the sharpest tests of whether a health-financing mechanism protects households from catastrophic spending. Insure...