Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi

Europium Oxide Disrupts Metabolic Homeostasis and Antioxidant Defenses in African Catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ): Integrated Physiological and Molecular Docking Approaches

ABSTRACT Chemical pollution from rare earth elements (REEs) has emerged as a significant threat to the stability of freshwater ecosystems. Among these elements, europium oxide (Eu 2 O 3 ) is widely used across various industrial sectors; however, its specific impacts on fish phys...