Ahmed Abdelhafez

Combustion phasing and emissions trade-offs of hydrogen-enriched methane in a spark-ignition engine: Fixed spark timing versus MBT-optimized ignition

This study experimentally investigated how hydrogen enrichment and spark timing jointly govern combustion, performance, and emissions in a spark-ignition engine fueled by different methane–hydrogen blends under fixed boundary conditions (11:1 compression ratio, 1500 rpm, 25% load...