A Oelofse

The Effect of Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The studies on the direct and indirect effects of maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on cardiometabolic risk in offspring have been rather inconsistent. This review evaluated the associations between maternal cigarette smoking and alco...