A. F. Clark

The Science and Mechanics of a Tsunami

Tsunamis are long-period gravity waves generated by disturbances capable of transferring substantial energy into the ocean. Although major submarine earthquakes are responsible for many of history’s most destructive tsunamis, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and atmospheric distur...

The Science and Mechanics of a Tsunami

Tsunamis are long-period gravity waves generated by disturbances capable of transferring substantial energy into the ocean. Although major submarine earthquakes are responsible for many of history’s most destructive tsunamis, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and atmospheric distur...

From Soviet Shadow to NATO's Air Shield: Poland's Aviation Transformation and the Making of an Eastern-Flank Power (3 in a series of 3 articles)

Polish aviation since the Cold War represents one of Europe’s most consequential national aviation transformations. Emerging from Soviet strategic alignment, Poland rebuilt its military aviation around NATO interoperability, liberalized its civilian air-transport market, integrat...

Texas Longhorns vs. Ohio State - Twenty Points from Dead

Texas’ 24–23 comeback victory over No. 1 Ohio State on September 12, 2026, transformed an early-season heavyweight matchup into one of the defining college football games of the year. After trailing 23–3 entering the fourth quarter, the Longhorns scored 21 unanswered points behin...

The Loudest Sound Ever Heard: Krakatau Awakens Again in a Restless Indonesian Archipelago

Krakatau occupies a singular position in volcanic history as the source of the loudest sound ever recorded and one of the most devastating volcanic disasters of the modern era. Today, its successor, Anak Krakatau, is again exhibiting significant unrest within Indonesia’s exceptio...

Liquid Hydrogen Aviation: Why the Fuel of the Future Requires the Aircraft of the Future

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) represents a promising pathway toward reducing aviation’s dependence on conventional hydrocarbon fuels, but its physical and operational characteristics require substantial changes to aircraft design. Although hydrogen provides significantly greater specific...

The Loudest Sound Ever Heard: Krakatau Awakens Again in a Restless Indonesian Archipelago

Krakatau occupies a singular position in volcanic history as the source of the loudest sound ever recorded and one of the most devastating volcanic disasters of the modern era. Today, its successor, Anak Krakatau, is again exhibiting significant unrest within Indonesia’s exceptio...

The Loudest Sound Ever Heard: Krakatau Awakens Again in a Restless Indonesian Archipelago

Krakatau occupies a singular position in volcanic history as the source of the loudest sound ever recorded and one of the most devastating volcanic disasters of the modern era. Today, its successor, Anak Krakatau, is again exhibiting significant unrest within Indonesia’s exceptio...

Liquid Hydrogen Aviation: Why the Fuel of the Future Requires the Aircraft of the Future

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) represents a promising pathway toward reducing aviation’s dependence on conventional hydrocarbon fuels, but its physical and operational characteristics require substantial changes to aircraft design. Although hydrogen provides significantly greater specific...

Togo at the Hinge of West Africa: History, Power, Connectivity, and the Future of a Small Strategic State

This article examines Togo as a strategically significant small state whose geographic position, historical development, political continuity, and expanding transportation networks have given it an influence disproportionate to its physical size. Beginning with precolonial societ...

Togo at the Hinge of West Africa: History, Power, Connectivity, and the Future of a Small Strategic State

This article examines Togo as a strategically significant small state whose geographic position, historical development, political continuity, and expanding transportation networks have given it an influence disproportionate to its physical size. Beginning with precolonial societ...

Politics Above the Clouds: Philippine Government, National Aviation Policy, and an Industry at a Crossroads

This article examines the political, institutional, economic, and strategic forces shaping Philippine aviation policy at a moment of rapid infrastructure expansion and political uncertainty. It traces the evolution of aviation liberalization, airport governance, public-private pa...

Politics Above the Clouds: Philippine Government, National Aviation Policy, and an Industry at a Crossroads

This article examines the political, institutional, economic, and strategic forces shaping Philippine aviation policy at a moment of rapid infrastructure expansion and political uncertainty. It traces the evolution of aviation liberalization, airport governance, public-private pa...

AI as an Aviation Safety Decision Maker

Artificial intelligence is rapidly evolving from an analytical support technology into an active participant in aviation safety decision-making. This paper examines how Safety Management Systems (SMS) must evolve as AI increasingly recommends or executes safety-critical operation...